Homeowner Friendly Summary of Proposed Bylaw Changes
Garden Oaks Maintenance Organization — Proposed Bylaws vs. Current 2002 Bylaws
GOMO Authority & Operations
| Change | Proposed Bylaws | Current Bylaws | What This Means for Homeowners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Membership becomes automatic for owners in Sections 1, 2, 3, and 5 | All record owners of separately owned Lots in Sections 1, 2, 3, and 5 are stated to be Members of GOMO, without the old petition based membership condition. | Membership is tied to a Section approving and recording a petition and deed restriction amendments establishing GOMO as that Section's property owners association. | Uses a straightforward membership definition so homeowners can more easily understand who is included under the bylaws. |
| Voting unit changes from the old “Parcel” concept to a “Lot” | Voting is based on a separately owned Lot. Each Lot receives one vote, with the existing two vote exception retained when the property can legally and physically be divided into two separate lots. | A voting Parcel is defined around the actual residential building site, which could include all or part of one or more platted lots. Multiple platted parcels used as one building site generally receive one vote. | Makes voting easier to understand by tying votes to separately owned Lots instead of the older building site Parcel concept. |
| Statutory authority is restated | GOMO is given nonprofit corporation powers under the Texas Business Organizations Code and powers under Chapter 202 of the Texas Property Code. | GOMO is given nonprofit corporation powers and property owners association powers under Section 204.010 of the Texas Property Code, subject to express prohibited actions in the bylaws. | Updates the bylaws so the stated legal authority is clearer and reflects the framework used in the proposed bylaws. |
| Express prohibitions on certain GOMO actions are deleted (no corresponding provision) |
The proposed bylaws do not contain the old “Prohibited Actions” section. | The bylaws expressly prohibit GOMO from establishing or collecting a mandatory assessment other than the transfer assessment, imposing a lien for failure to pay a transfer assessment, compelling mandatory restriction changes, and foreclosing land in the Subdivision for a transfer assessment. | Removes older bylaw specific restrictions so remaining limits come from the Restrictions or applicable law. |
| Transfer assessment provisions are deleted (no corresponding provision) |
The proposed bylaws contain no transfer assessment provision. | The bylaws expressly authorize a one time transfer assessment equal to 0.75% of the greater of the sale price or appraisal value, provide collection procedures, and allow a judgment for unpaid amounts and related costs, subject to foreclosure limits. | Simplifies the bylaws by removing the old 0.75% transfer assessment and its collection procedures. |
| Express voluntary contribution procedure is deleted | The specific voluntary contribution request provision is removed, although the Board may still accept gifts and contributions under the contracts and funds article. | GOMO may request voluntary contributions from owners and residents and must state the intended use and due date. | Simplifies the bylaws while preserving GOMO's ability to accept gifts and contributions. |
| Enforcement and litigation authority is expanded and consolidated | The Board is expressly authorized to enforce the Restrictions and other dedicatory instruments by legal means, initiate, defend, or intervene in litigation or administrative proceedings, adjust claims, mediate, arbitrate, settle claims, and commence or defend litigation in GOMO's name. | GOMO is authorized to enforce the Restrictions and the Board may adopt written enforcement procedures for actual or threatened violations. | Puts the Board's enforcement and dispute resolution tools in one place so its options are easier to understand. |
| Architectural review becomes a courtesy compliance review | The Board may act as the Architectural Review Committee, but its bylaw authority is expressly limited to a courtesy review and written response stating whether proposed work appears to comply with the Restrictions. | The Board may act as the Architectural Control Committee and may approve or deny applications for proposed original construction or modifications in accordance with the Restrictions. | Clarifies that GOMO provides a helpful written compliance review rather than binding approval or denial under the bylaws. |
Board, Directors & Elections
| Change | Proposed Bylaws | Current Bylaws | What This Means for Homeowners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director qualifications are simplified | GOMO has twelve Directors, three for each Section. All Directors must be Members, and at least eleven of the twelve must reside in the Subdivision. | A Director candidate must be entitled to vote, be at least 18, own and reside in real property in the Section represented, and have all property owned in the Subdivision in compliance with the Restrictions. | Broadens the pool of homeowners who may serve while still requiring Directors to be Members and nearly all to reside in the Subdivision. |
| Special non Section Director rules are removed (no corresponding provision) |
The proposed bylaws do not include the Non Section Director exception or its related limits. | If no eligible owner in a Section is willing to serve, a Member from another Section may serve as a Non Section Director, subject to limits, including no more than one such Director and no Director representing more than one Section. | Removes a complicated exception and makes the Director qualification structure more consistent. |
| Candidate solicitation and ballot access procedures are added | Before ballots are distributed, GOMO must solicit candidates, provide a submission deadline that is at least ten days after notice, and include each eligible requesting candidate on the ballot. Floor nominations may also be used. | The bylaws do not contain a detailed advance candidate solicitation process for regular Board elections. | Creates a clearer, more open process for homeowners who want to run for the Board. |
| Absentee and electronic ballots are expressly recognized | Absentee ballots and electronic ballots are expressly included for quorum, Member action, and Director elections. | Member voting provisions primarily address in person voting, proxies, powers of attorney, and written ballots for elections. | Makes it easier for homeowners to participate even when they cannot attend in person. |
| Midterm Board vacancies may be filled by Board appointment | An expired term is filled by Member election, but a vacancy occurring before the end of a Director's term may be filled by Board appointment for the remainder of the term. | A Board vacancy is generally filled through a special election by Members of the affected Section, or left vacant until the next annual election if no candidate stands. | Allows an open seat to be filled promptly for the rest of the term so the Board can keep operating effectively. |
| Director resignation standard changes | A Director is deemed to resign only if the Director no longer owns property in the Subdivision. | A Section Director is deemed to resign if the Director no longer resides in the represented Section. A Non Section Director is deemed to resign if the Director no longer resides in the Subdivision or no longer owns property in the represented Section. | Allows continued service after a move as long as the Director remains a property owner in the Subdivision. |
| Member removal procedure for Directors changes | A Director elected by the Members may be removed, with or without cause, by Members holding a majority of the total votes of a quorum, with notice to the Director and a successor elected at the removal meeting. | Members of the affected Section may initiate a recall with signatures from Members representing 10% of that Section's Parcels, followed by a replacement election in that Section. | Creates a defined meeting and Member vote process for removal. |
| Board power to remove a Director is deleted (no corresponding provision) |
The proposed bylaws do not give the Board the same general 75% power to remove an elected Director. | The remaining Directors may remove a Director by a 75% affirmative vote if the Board determines the Director has not acted in GOMO's best interests. | Keeps general removal of an elected Director with the Members rather than the Board. |
| Automatic removal for repeated absences is added | A Director is automatically removed after three consecutive or four total regular Board meeting absences between annual meetings, unless at least 80% of the remaining Directors excuse one or more absences. | The bylaws do not automatically remove a Director for missing a stated number of meetings. | Adds a clear attendance expectation while allowing the remaining Directors to excuse absences. |
| Officer removal threshold changes | The same basic standard is retained, but the required vote is reduced to 70% of the remaining Directors. | An officer may be removed by a 75% affirmative vote of the remaining Directors if the Board determines the officer has not acted in GOMO's best interests. | Keeps a strong supermajority requirement while making officer removal slightly more workable when needed. |
Meetings, Notice & Transparency
| Change | Proposed Bylaws | Current Bylaws | What This Means for Homeowners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Member meeting date becomes flexible | The annual meeting is held each year on a date, time, and place designated by the Board. | The annual Member meeting is required to be held in November. | Lets the Board schedule the annual meeting at a practical time each year instead of being locked into November. |
| Separate “other meetings” provision is removed (no corresponding provision) |
The separate provision is removed; informational and community meetings are addressed elsewhere without changing them into formal Member voting meetings. | The President or Board may call informal or other purpose meetings, but votes of Members may not be taken unless the meeting is called as a special meeting. | Simplifies the meeting categories while keeping formal Member voting in annual or special meetings. |
| Member meeting notice may be delivered by email to Members who opt in | The same 10 to 60 day notice window is retained, and formal written notice may also be sent by email to a Member who registered an email address and opted to receive notice that way. | Formal Member meeting notice is delivered personally or by mail; other supplemental notice may be provided by reasonable means. | Adds a convenient electronic notice option for homeowners who choose it. |
| Member meeting quorum is changed to a fixed 50 votes | A quorum is Members representing 50 total votes, counted through in person attendance, proxy, absentee ballot, or electronic ballot. | A quorum is based on Members representing a number of voting Parcels equal to a majority of the Directors then in office. | Creates a simple, predictable quorum number and recognizes permitted remote participation. |
| Section based voting is expressly stated for Director elections | For Director elections, the majority action rule is expressly applied separately to the Lots in each Section, while the overall meeting must have a quorum. | The bylaws provide Section representation but do not state the Director election voting rule in the Member action section as specifically as the proposed version. | Makes it clearer that each Section elects its own Directors. |
| Board meetings become expressly open to Members | Regular and special Board meetings must be open to Members, except for permitted executive sessions. | The bylaws do not generally require regular or special Board meetings to be open to Members. | Gives homeowners greater visibility into regular and special Board business. |
| Member notice of Board meetings is added and expanded | Members and Directors must receive notice of open Board meetings. Notice must include the date, time, place, access instructions, general subjects, and a general description of executive session matters. The bylaws provide either a 10 to 60 day mailed notice method or electronic and posted notice at least 144 hours before regular meetings and 72 hours before special meetings. | Special Board meeting notice is generally required at least five days in advance and is directed to Directors. The notice does not generally have to state the business or purpose. | Gives homeowners advance notice, agenda level information, and clear timing rules. |
| Electronic and telephonic Board meetings must be accessible to Members | Open electronic or telephonic meetings must allow Directors to hear one another and Members in attendance to hear all Directors and access the communication method, except during executive session. | Directors may participate by conference telephone or similar equipment if all participants can hear each other; Member access is not required. | Keeps remote meetings convenient while allowing homeowners to listen to open portions. |
| Rules for Board action outside a meeting are added | The Board may act outside a meeting if every Director has a reasonable opportunity to express an opinion and vote. The action and estimated expenditures must be summarized at the next Board meeting. | The bylaws do not contain a detailed procedure for Board action by electronic or telephonic voting outside a meeting. | Allows appropriate business between meetings while requiring later disclosure of the action and expected spending. |
| Certain Board decisions must occur in an open, noticed meeting | Specified matters cannot be considered or voted on outside an open, noticed meeting, including assessment increases, architectural appeals, lending or borrowing, dedicatory instrument changes, annual budgets and larger budget amendments, real property transactions, Board vacancies, certain capital improvements, officer elections, and most enforcement actions. | The bylaws do not contain a comparable list of matters that must be handled only at an open Board meeting. | Ensures major decisions are handled where homeowners receive advance notice and can observe the Board's action. |
| Executive session rules and post session disclosure are added | The Board may close a portion of a meeting for listed confidential matters such as personnel, litigation, contract negotiations, enforcement, attorney communications, and privacy matters. Decisions must later be summarized orally and placed in the minutes in general terms, including a general explanation of approved expenditures. | The bylaws do not contain a detailed executive session provision. | Protects confidential discussions while requiring resulting decisions to be reported in general terms afterward. |
| Approved Board minutes must be posted online | The Secretary must keep the minutes and ensure they are posted online after Board approval. | The Secretary must keep minutes of Member and Board meetings, but the bylaws do not require online posting. | Makes approved Board minutes easier for homeowners to find and review. |
| General waiver of notice provision is deleted (no corresponding provision) |
The separate general waiver of notice article is not included in the proposed bylaws. | A person entitled to notice may waive notice in writing, and attendance may operate as a waiver unless the person attends to object to improper notice. | Simplifies the notice rules by removing the broad bylaw based waiver provision. |
Financial Controls & Accountability
| Change | Proposed Bylaws | Current Bylaws | What This Means for Homeowners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Member approval of the neighborhood activity budget is removed | The Board is expressly authorized to prepare and adopt annual budgets. Annual budget approval, and amendments increasing the budget by more than 10%, must occur at an open, noticed Board meeting. | The Board proposes an annual budget for use of surplus funds on neighborhood activities and programs. The proposal is published before the annual meeting and must be approved by Members representing a majority of the Parcels present and entitled to vote. Unapproved funds remain unallocated. | Places annual budgeting with the Board while requiring approval and significant increases in an open, noticed meeting. |
| Specific $100,000 reserve target is deleted (no corresponding provision) |
The proposed bylaws do not set a specific minimum reserve balance or contain the old surplus funds section. | The Board is directed, as practicable, to maintain at least $100,000, or another amount set by the Board, in readily available reserve funds for operations, administration, legal, enforcement, and other expenses. | Allows reserve levels to be managed based on actual financial needs instead of a fixed bylaw amount. |
| Detailed annual financial reporting standards are added | An annual report is to be prepared after the fiscal year and made available at the next annual meeting, including at least a balance sheet, operating statement, and statement of changes in financial position. The Board may have it audited or reviewed by an independent CPA. | The bylaws require correct and complete books and records but do not specify a year end financial report package. | Gives homeowners a defined annual financial report and allows independent CPA review or audit when appropriate. |
| Accounting and management control standards are added | The proposed bylaws call for cash or accrual accounting consistent with generally accepted accounting principles, prohibit commingling GOMO cash with other accounts, require disclosure of financial interests, and restrict undisclosed remuneration to a managing agent from vendors. | The bylaws contain general financial recordkeeping and Treasurer duties but few detailed accounting control standards. | Adds clearer safeguards for accounting, cash handling, financial interests, and management relationships. |
| Conflict of interest contracting rules become more specific | For contracts involving a Director, certain relatives, or companies in which they have specified financial interests, the proposed bylaws require disclosure, disinterested approval, nonparticipation by the interested Director, and generally at least two other bids if reasonably available. Any GOMO contract expected to exceed $50,000 must use a formal bid process. | A Director must disclose material conflicts, avoid undue influence, refrain from voting on affected matters, and the transaction must be fair to GOMO. | Adds a structured related party process and competitive bidding safeguards. |
| Default check signing rule changes | If the Board has not delegated signing authority, the instruments must be signed by any two officers. | If the Board has not delegated signing authority, checks and similar instruments must be signed by the Treasurer and countersigned by the President or a Vice President. | Keeps two signatures by default while giving more flexibility in which officers can sign. |
| Treasurer bonding provision is deleted (no corresponding provision) |
The proposed Treasurer provision does not contain a bonding requirement. | If required by the Board, the Treasurer must give a bond with sureties for faithful performance and proper restoration of GOMO funds and property. | Removes an older Treasurer specific provision while the proposed bylaws add broader financial controls elsewhere. |
Records & Bylaw Amendments
| Change | Proposed Bylaws | Current Bylaws | What This Means for Homeowners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Records access is restated and expressly includes financial records | GOMO's books and records, expressly including financial records, must be reasonably available to an Owner or a designated agent, attorney, or CPA for a proper purpose at a reasonable time and on reasonable notice. Other provisions separately require detailed books, a membership register, and minutes. | GOMO must keep complete accounting records, minutes, and a voting Member list at its office. A Member or authorized agent or attorney in fact may inspect records for a proper purpose at a reasonable time and on reasonable notice. | Makes inspection rights clearer by specifically including financial records and professional representatives such as a CPA. |
| Bylaw amendment procedure is substantially unchanged | The same majority Member vote, 30 day written notice, and verbatim proposed language requirements are retained. | A majority of Members voting at a properly called Member meeting may amend, repeal, or adopt bylaws if Members receive at least 30 days written notice containing the proposed language verbatim. | Preserves the existing homeowner approval protections for future bylaw changes. |
| Corporate seal article is removed (no corresponding provision) |
There is no separate corporate seal article, although the Secretary's duties still refer to the corporate seal if one is adopted. | The Board may provide for a corporate seal in the form described in the bylaws. | Removes an outdated stand alone seal provision while still allowing a seal if GOMO adopts one. |
Read the full cited sections of the Proposed Bylaws
Article 2 — Members
2.01 Membership
There will be one class of Members. All record owners (an “Owner” or “Owners”) of any separately-owned Lot (a “Lot”, as defined below) within Garden Oaks Sections 1, 2, 3, and 5 (collectively, the “Subdivision” and individually, the “Section”) in Harris County, Texas, shall become members (“Members”) of GOMO.
2.02 Voting Rights and Procedures
Each Lot in Garden Oaks Sections 1, 2, 3, and 5 will have one (1) vote in GOMO on matters requiring a vote of the Members, regardless of the number of Owners of the Lot.
Each Lot is entitled to one (1) vote, regardless of the number of Owners of a Lot. Multiple Owners of any single Lot must vote in agreement (under any method they devise among themselves) but, in no case will such multiple Owners cast portions of votes. The vote attributable to any single Lot must be voted in the same manner but, in no event can there be more than one vote cast per Lot.
A Lot is entitled to two (2) votes only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) applicable City of Houston subdivision ordinances would permit subdivision of the Lot by replatting, (ii) each resulting Lot would satisfy the frontage requirements imposed herein, (iii) no Structure located on one resulting Lot would encroach onto the adjacent Lot or violate setback lines after subdivision, and (iv) each resulting Lot may be conveyed to a separate Owner as a fee simple tract of land.
No Owner will have a right to vote unless (i) the Owner is shown on the membership rolls of GOMO, or (ii) the recorded deed evidencing ownership of the Lot has been delivered to GOMO.
Votes may be cast by written proxy if the original proxy is delivered to the Board at or before the time of voting. Proxies may not be effective for a period exceeding eleven months. Owners may be represented at a meeting for voting purposes by an attorney-in-fact pursuant to a power of attorney satisfying the requirements of Texas law if certain documents are delivered to the Board at or before the time of voting.
Article 3 — Meetings of Members
3.01 Annual Meeting of Members
Annual meeting of the Members will be held each year at a time, place, and date designated by the Board, for the purpose of electing Directors and for the transaction of other business as may come before the meeting.
3.04 Notice of Meetings of Members
Written or printed notice stating the place, day, and hour of each annual and special meeting of Members will be delivered, either personally by delivery to the Lot or by mail, to each Member entitled to vote at the meeting, not less than ten (10), nor more than sixty (60), days before the date of the meeting, by or at the direction of the President, the Secretary, the Directors, or the Members calling the meeting. Written notice under this section may be sent by electronic mail to any Member who has registered his/her email address with GOMO and opted to receive notice in this manner. Additional notice of any meeting and notice of informational meetings may be given by any means determined by the President, the Secretary, or the Directors to be reasonable and appropriate, such as by publication in the Garden Oaks Gazette or by signs posted in the neighborhood. In case of a special meeting or when required by statute or these Bylaws, the notice must state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
3.05 Quorum
Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws or in the Restrictions, the presence, in person or by proxy, absentee ballot, or electronic ballot, of Members representing fifty (50) of the total votes allocated to Owners in the Subdivision will constitute a quorum for the conduct of business at a meeting. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of Members, Members representing a majority of the Lots present at the meeting may adjourn and reconvene the meeting at a later time or date.
3.06 Manner of Acting
The act of Members representing a majority of the Lots attending in person or by proxy, absentee ballot, or electronic ballot, and entitled to vote at a meeting at which a quorum is present will be the act of the Members, unless the act of a greater number is required by law or another provision of these Bylaws. For the purpose of electing Directors for each section, the act of Members representing a majority of the Lots for each section, attending in person or by proxy, absentee ballot, or electronic ballot, and entitled to vote at a meeting at which a quorum is present will be the act of the Members for each section, unless the act of a greater number is required by law or another provision of these Bylaws.
Article 4 — Board of Directors
4.02 Election of Directors
At each annual meeting GOMO shall solicit Director candidates for vacant Director positions as provided in Section 4.03. The Board may solicit candidates via floor nomination. A nomination taken from the floor in a board member election is not considered an amendment to the proposal for the election. Directors shall be elected to serve a term of three (3) years. Each director will continue to hold office until the meeting at which his/her successor is elected. The act of Members representing a majority of the Lots in each section, attending in person or by proxy, absentee ballot, or electronic ballot, and entitled to vote at a meeting at which a total quorum is present as provided in Section 3.05 will be the act of the Members, unless the act of a greater number is required by law or another provision of these Bylaws.
4.03 Number, Tenure, and Qualifications
GOMO will have twelve (12) Directors, comprised of three (3) Directors for each section. All Directors must be Members and at least eleven (11) Directors must reside in the Subdivision. Directors will each be elected for three-year terms.
At least ten (10) days before GOMO disseminates absentee ballots or other ballots to the Members for purposes of voting in a Board member election, GOMO must provide notice to the Members soliciting candidates interested in running for a position on the Board. The notice must contain instructions for an eligible candidate to notify the Board of the candidate's request to be placed on the ballot and the deadline to submit the candidate's request. The deadline may not be earlier than the 10th day after the date the Board provides the notice. The absentee ballot or other ballot must include the name of each eligible candidate from whom the Board received a request to be placed on the ballot.
The notice required by this provision must be mailed to each Member, or provided by (a) posting the notice in a conspicuous manner reasonably designed to provide notice to the Members — on public or privately-owned property within the Subdivision, with the Owner's consent, or on any Internet website maintained by GOMO or other Internet media — and (b) sending by e-mail to each Member who has registered an e-mail address with GOMO.
4.07 Board Meetings
A Board meeting means a deliberation between a quorum of the voting Directors or between a quorum of the voting Directors and another person, during which Association business is considered and the Board takes formal action. A Board meeting does not include the gathering of a quorum of the Board at a social function unrelated to the business of GOMO, if formal action is not taken and any discussion of Association business is incidental to the social function.
Regular and special Board meetings must be open to the Members, subject to the right of the Board to adjourn a Board meeting and reconvene in closed executive session.
Regarding all Board meetings that are open to the Members, Members other than Directors may not participate in any discussion or deliberation unless permission to speak is requested on his or her behalf by a Director. In such case, the President may limit the time any Member may speak.
An open meeting may be held by electronic or telephonic means provided that (i) each Director may hear and be heard by every other Director, (ii) all Members in attendance at the meeting may hear all Directors (except if adjourned to executive session), and (iii) all Members are allowed to listen using any electronic or telephonic communication method used or expected to be used by a Director to participate.
Action Outside of a Meeting, Generally. The Board may take action outside of a meeting, including voting by electronic and telephonic means, without prior notice to Members if each Director is given a reasonable opportunity to express the Director's opinion to all other Directors and to vote. Any action taken without notice to the Members must be summarized orally, including estimation of expenditures approved at the meeting, and documented in the minutes of the next regular/special Board meeting.
Action Outside of a Meeting Prohibited. Notwithstanding the above, the Board may not consider or vote on any of the following issues except in an open meeting for which prior notice was given to Members:
- Initiation of enforcement actions, excluding temporary restraining orders or violations involving a threat to health or safety;
- Increases in Assessments;
- Appeals from a denial of architectural approval;
- A suspension of a right of a particular Member before the Member has an opportunity to attend a Board meeting to present the Member's position, including any defense, on the issue;
- Lending or borrowing money;
- The adoption or amendment of a Dedicatory Instrument;
- The approval of an annual budget or the approval of an amendment of an annual budget that increases the budget by more than ten percent (10%);
- The sale or purchase of real property;
- The filling of a vacancy on the Board;
- The construction of capital improvements other than the repair, replacement, or enhancement of existing capital improvements; or
- The election of an officer.
4.09 Notice of Board Meetings
Notice to the Members and Directors of the date, hour, place and general subject of regular or special open Board meetings, including instructions for Members to access any communication method utilized for the Board meeting, as well as a general description of any matter to be brought up for deliberation in executive session, will be (1) mailed to each Member and Director not later than the 10th day or earlier than the 60th day before the date of the meeting; or (2) provided at least 144 hours before the start of a regular board meeting and at least 72 hours before the start of a special board meeting by (a) posting in a conspicuous manner reasonably designed to provide notice to the Members and Directors — in a place located on any public or Member's property with their consent, or other property within the subdivision, or on any internet website maintained by GOMO or other internet media — and (b) sending notice by e-mail to each Member and Director who has registered an email address with GOMO.
It is the Member's and Director's duty to keep an updated e-mail address registered with GOMO.
If the Board recesses to continue the meeting the following regular business day, the Board is not required to post notice of the continued meeting if the recess is taken in good faith and not to circumvent this provision. If the meeting is continued to the next business day, and the Board again continues the meeting to another day, the Board will give notice of continuation in at least one of the manners described above, within two (2) hours after adjourning the meeting being continued.
4.11 Vacancies
In the event of a vacancy for a Director whose term has expired, GOMO shall hold an election and send notice to the Members as required by Section 4.02 of any Board vacancy so that Members may stand for election to the position. A Director may be appointed by the Board to fill a vacancy on the board that occurs prior to the expiration of that Director's term. A Director appointed to fill a vacant position shall serve for the remainder of the unexpired term of the position.
4.12 Removal
Any Director elected by the Members may be removed, with or without cause, by the vote of Members holding a majority of the total votes of a quorum of Members. Any Director whose removal is sought will be given notice prior to any meeting called for that purpose. Upon removal of a Director, a successor will then and there be elected by the Members entitled to elect the Director so removed to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the term of such Director.
Additionally, a Director may be appointed by the Board to fill a vacancy on the board that occurs prior to the expiration of that Director's term, and shall serve for the remainder of the unexpired term of the position.
A Director is considered to have been immediately removed from the Board if the Director misses three (3) consecutive, or four (4) total regular Board meetings counted from annual meeting to the next annual meeting, unless, at least eighty percent (80%) of the remaining Directors vote to excuse one or more of the absences, thereby allowing the Director to remain on the Board. A vacancy that occurs due to excessive absences may be filled by appointment by the Board, and an appointed Director shall serve for the remainder of the unexpired term of the position.
4.13 Resignation
A Director will be deemed to have resigned immediately if the Director no longer owns property in the Subdivision.
4.14 Conflict of Interest
GOMO may enter into an enforceable contract with a current Director, a person related to a current Director within the third degree by consanguinity or affinity, a company in which a current Director has a financial interest in at least 51 percent of profits, or a company in which such a related person has a financial interest in at least 51 percent of profits, only if the following conditions are satisfied:
- the Director, relative, or company bids on the proposed contract and GOMO has received at least two other bids for the contract from persons not associated with the board member, relative, or company, if reasonably available in the community;
- the Director (A) is not given access to the other bids; (B) does not participate in any board discussion regarding the contract; and (C) does not vote on the award of the contract;
- the material facts regarding the relationship or interest with respect to the proposed contract are disclosed to or known by the Board and the Board, in good faith and with ordinary care, authorizes the contract by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Board members who do not have an interest governed by this subsection;
- the Board certifies that the other requirements of this subsection have been satisfied by a resolution approved by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Directors who do not have an interest governed by this subsection; and
- notwithstanding the foregoing, any contract to which GOMO is a party with an expected value exceeding $50,000 — whether or not a Director, relative, or company described in this Section 4.14 is involved — must be awarded through a formal bid process established by GOMO.
4.16 Executive Session
The Board may close a portion of its meetings for the purpose of discussing actions involving personnel, pending or threatened litigation, contract negotiations, enforcement actions, confidential communications with GOMO's attorney, matters involving the invasion of privacy of individual Members, or matters that are to remain confidential by request of the affected parties and agreement of the Board. Following an executive session, any decision made in the executive session must be summarized orally and placed in the minutes, in general terms, without breaching the privacy of individual Members, violating any privilege, or disclosing information that was to remain confidential at the request of the affected parties. The oral summary must include a general explanation of expenditures approved in executive session.
4.17 Powers
The Board will be responsible for the affairs of GOMO and will have all of the powers necessary for the administration of GOMO's affairs. The Board may delegate to one or more of its Directors the authority to act on behalf of the Board on all matters relating to the duties of the managing agent or manager, if any, that might arise between meetings of the Board.
In addition to the authority created in these Bylaws, Texas law, or by any resolution of the Board that may hereafter be adopted, the Board will have the power to establish policies relating to, and for performing or causing to be performed, the following, by way of explanation but not limitation:
- preparing and adopting of annual budgets;
- designating, hiring, and dismissing the personnel necessary for the operation of GOMO;
- opening of bank accounts on behalf of GOMO and designating the signatories required;
- enforcing by legal means the provisions of the Restrictions and other Dedicatory Instruments, and initiating, defending, or intervening in litigation or administrative proceedings affecting the enforcement of the Restrictions or the protection, preservation, or operation of property in the Subdivision, and bringing any other proceedings that may be instituted on behalf of or against the Owners concerning GOMO;
- obtaining and carrying insurance against casualties and liabilities;
- paying the cost of all services rendered to GOMO or its Members and not chargeable directly to specific Owners;
- keeping books with detailed accounts of the receipts and expenditures affecting GOMO;
- maintaining a membership register reflecting the names, property addresses, and mailing addresses of all Members;
- making available upon request to any prospective purchaser, Owner, or first Mortgagee, copies of the Restrictions, the Certificate of Formation, the Bylaws, and other GOMO records for a reasonable charge;
- compromising, participating in mediation, submitting to arbitration, and otherwise adjusting any claims in favor of or against GOMO; and
- commencing or defending any litigation in GOMO's name with respect to GOMO.
4.18 Accounts and Reports
The following management standards of performance will be followed unless the Board by resolution specifically determines otherwise:
- Accrual or cash accounting, as defined by generally accepted accounting principles, will be employed.
- Accounting and controls should conform to generally accepted accounting principles.
- Cash accounts of GOMO will not be commingled with any other accounts.
- No remuneration without full disclosure and prior agreement of the Board, or as contained in a written management contract, will be accepted by the managing agent from vendors, independent contractors, or others providing goods or services to GOMO, whether in the form of commissions, finder's fees, service fees, prizes, gifts, or otherwise.
- Any financial or other interest that any Director, or the managing agent, may have in any firm providing goods or services to GOMO will be disclosed promptly to the Board.
- An annual report consisting of at least a balance sheet, an operating (income) statement, and a statement of changes in financial position for the fiscal year will be prepared as soon as practicable after the close of the fiscal year and made available to all Members at the next annual meeting of Members. The annual report may be prepared on an audited or reviewed basis, as determined by the Board, by an independent, certified public accountant.
Article 5 — Officers
5.03 Removal
Any officer elected or appointed by the Board may be removed by a 70% affirmative vote of the remaining Directors if the Board determines that the officer has not acted in the best interests of GOMO.
5.08 Secretary
The Secretary will keep the minutes of the meetings of the Members and the Board in one or more books provided for that purpose and ensure they are posted online after Board approval; give all notices in accordance with provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law; be custodian of the corporate records and the seal of GOMO (if one is adopted) and affix the seal of GOMO to all documents that must be delivered under seal; keep a register of the mailing address of each Member as furnished to the Secretary by each Member; and, in general, perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and other duties as from time to time may be assigned to the office of Secretary by the President or by the Board.
Article 6 — Committees
6.02 Architectural Review Committee
The Board has the authority to act as the Architectural Review Committee, in accordance with the Restrictions; however, such power shall be limited to providing a courtesy review and written response for proposed original construction or modification of a building, Dwelling, Structure, or improvement within the Subdivision regarding compliance or noncompliance with the Restrictions. The Board may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Directors in office, designate and appoint a subcommittee that will have the authority of the Board with regard to architectural review as defined herein, composed of not less than three Directors and other Committee Members who need not be Directors.
Article 7 — Contracts, Checks, Deposits, and Funds
7.02 Checks and Drafts
All checks, drafts, or orders for the payment of money, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of GOMO must be signed by the officer(s) or agent(s) of GOMO established by Board resolution from time to time. In the absence of a delegation of authority by the Board, these instruments will be signed by any two officers of the Board.
7.04 Gifts to GOMO
The Board is authorized to accept, on behalf of GOMO, a contribution, gift, bequest, or devise for the general purposes or for any special purpose of GOMO. The Board is not obligated, however, to accept, and is authorized to reject, any gift tendered or offered to GOMO.
Article 8 — Books and Records
8.01 Books and Records
GOMO shall make its books and records including financial records, open to and reasonably available for examination by an Owner, or a person designated in a writing signed by the Owner as the Owner's agent, attorney, or certified public accountant, and such books and records may be inspected for any proper purpose, at any reasonable time, and upon reasonable notice. GOMO may levy a reasonable charge for copies that it provides of the books and records.
Article 9 — Powers of GOMO
9.01 Powers of GOMO
GOMO will have all the powers of a non-profit corporation chartered in the state of Texas pursuant to the Texas Business Organizations Code and Chapter 202 of the Texas Property Code (as amended or any successor statutes).
Article 12 — Amendments to Bylaws
12.01 Amendments to Bylaws
These Bylaws may be altered, amended, or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by a majority vote of the Members at any meeting held in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 of these Bylaws, if at least thirty (30) days written notice is given to the Members in advance of the meeting. The notice must state verbatim the content of the proposed alterations, amendments, repealing language, or new bylaw provisions to be presented for consideration at the meeting.
